Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is an independent state located in the eastern Mediterranean, distinguished by its historical depth, natural beauty, and cultural diversity. Proclaimed in Nicosia on 15 November 1983, the TRNC is governed by a parliamentary democracy and is diplomatically recognized only by the Republic of Türkiye. Despite this, the TRNC continues to function de facto as an independent state with its own parliament, government, judicial system, universities, local administrations, and economic infrastructure.

Geographical Location and Cities:
The TRNC is situated in the northern part of the island of Cyprus and covers an area of approximately 3,355 km². Extending from the foothills of the Beşparmak (Kyrenia) Mountains to the Karpaz Peninsula, the region features mountains, plains, coastline, and a rich variety of endemic plant species.

Major cities:
· Nicosia (capital): administrative and commercial center.
· Kyrenia: tourism and entertainment hub, famous for its historic harbor and castles.
· Famagusta: known for its ancient cities and port.
· Güzelyurt: heart of agriculture and citrus production.
· Lefke: center of academic and cultural development.
· İskele: a rapidly developing region in terms of coastal tourism and settlement.

Historical Background:
Throughout history, the island of Cyprus has hosted numerous civilizations, including Ancient Greece, Rome, Byzantium, Venice, the Ottoman Empire, and the British. These eras have left deep marks on the island’s architecture, culture, and social structure. Cyprus came under Ottoman rule in 1571, was leased to Britain in 1878, and the independent Republic of Cyprus was established in 1960. Following the 1974 Cyprus Peace Operation, Turkish administration was established in the north of the island, and the TRNC was declared in 1983.

Political Structure:
The TRNC is governed by a multi‑party parliamentary system. The legislative body is the Assembly of the Republic. The President, elected by popular vote, serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister leads the executive branch. The legal system is a hybrid structure influenced by Turkish and British law.

Economy:
The economy of the TRNC is based on tourism, higher education, construction, agriculture, and the service sector. The official currency is the Turkish lira. The TRNC maintains strong economic cooperation with Türkiye. In recent years, the country has aimed to advance in areas such as digital transformation, renewable energy, and the blue economy.

Education and Universities:
The TRNC has become a regional hub for higher education, hosting more than 100,000 students.

Culture and Lifestyle:
The culture of the TRNC blends Turkish, Greek, British, and Mediterranean influences into a unique identity. Folk music, handicrafts, traditional cuisine, and festivals sustain this cultural mosaic. Hospitality is one of the core values of social life.

Tourism and Nature:
The TRNC is home to some of the most unspoiled beaches in the Mediterranean, as well as historic castles, ancient cities, and nature trails. Golden Beach on the Karpaz Peninsula, Kyrenia Castle, the ancient city of Salamis, St. Hilarion Castle, and Bellapais Monastery are among the most visited sites. Turtle conservation areas, endemic plant species, and olive groves offer unique experiences for nature enthusiasts.

Transportation and Visa:
Access to the TRNC is provided via direct flights from Türkiye to Ercan Airport. Citizens of the Republic of Türkiye may enter with their national ID cards. Passport and visa procedures apply for citizens of other countries. Traffic in the TRNC flows on the left side of the road, and car rental is common.